Sleep disorders encompass a range of conditions that disrupt normal sleep patterns and can have detrimental effects on overall health and well-being. Common sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, sleep studies, and monitoring sleep patterns. Treatment varies depending on the specific disorder and may involve lifestyle modifications, sleep hygiene practices, behavioral therapy, medications, or the use of medical devices like continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines for sleep apnea.